In England there was a secondary tradesman called a Bodger.  The bodger was an individual who went into the woods, selected and cut the trees, rough turned the spindles, legs, and any other turned items needed, then as they dried, finish turned the pieces. He then sold these pieces to the chairmaker (or chair factory), where they assembled the chairs.

Some of the more specialized tools of the chairmaker include spoon bits, which are used to shape the sockets for the rungs, legs, and spindles, and the travisher, which is a sharply convex spokeshave for shaping seats.